Old age is associated with a number of medico-social problems such as: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, osteoarthritis, tremor, pain, gait and balance impairment, incontinence, urinary tract infection, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, pressure ulcers, sleeping problems, cardiocerebrovascular disorders, fluid and electrolyte disturbance, nutritional disorders, immunisation and disease prevention rehabilitation and care. The management of these problems differs significantly between younger and older adults. All of these problems are evaluated in this book in two parts with the contributions of experienced clinicians and researchers. In addition, cellular ageing, comprehensive geriatric assessments, and medicolegal and ethical principles in geriatric medicine are also evaluated. This book will be a valuable tool for all clinicians involved in the management of elderly people.

This book provides a comprehensive and practical guide to orthostatic hypotension (OH) for doctors and nurses involved in the care of older adults, together with a state-of-the-art update on OH, covering its epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, causes, prevention, management, and relevance for geriatric practice. In addition, it addresses mechanisms of orthostatic tolerance and other orthostasis related conditions, as well as drugs, comorbidities and geriatric syndromes related to OH. The homeostatic ability to maintain blood pressure while standing requires an adequate blood volume and the integrity of the nervous system, heart, blood vessels and muscle pump. However, in older adults, some age-related factors can contribute to the development of OH. For example, decreased baroreflex sensitivity, -1-adrenergic vasoconstrictor response to sympathetic stimuli, parasympathetic activity, renal salt and water conservation, increased vascular stiffness and decreased ventricular diastolic filling, as well as concentrated capacities of the kidney may be associated with changes in postural blood pressure. It has also been shown that OH is associated with falls, cardiac events, heart failure, stroke, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of overall mortality in these patients. "Orthostatic Hypotension in Older Adults" will be of considerable interest to all professionals working in the fields of geriatrics, geriatric psychiatry, neurology, internal medicine, cardiology, and emergency medicine, or working with older people in hospitals or in their community.

This book provides a comprehensive and practical guide to orthostatic hypotension (OH) for doctors and nurses involved in the care of older adults, together with a state-of-the-art update on OH, covering its epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, causes, prevention, management, and relevance for geriatric practice. In addition, it addresses mechanisms of orthostatic tolerance and other orthostasis related conditions, as well as drugs, comorbidities and geriatric syndromes related to OH. The homeostatic ability to maintain blood pressure while standing requires an adequate blood volume and the integrity of the nervous system, heart, blood vessels and muscle pump. However, in older adults, some age-related factors can contribute to the development of OH. For example, decreased baroreflex sensitivity, -1-adrenergic vasoconstrictor response to sympathetic stimuli, parasympathetic activity, renal salt and water conservation, increased vascular stiffness and decreased ventricular diastolic filling, as well as concentrated capacities of the kidney may be associated with changes in postural blood pressure. It has also been shown that OH is associated with falls, cardiac events, heart failure, stroke, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of overall mortality in these patients. "Orthostatic Hypotension in Older Adults" will be of considerable interest to all professionals working in the fields of geriatrics, geriatric psychiatry, neurology, internal medicine, cardiology, and emergency medicine, or working with older people in hospitals or in their community.

This book provides a comprehensive, scholarly, and practical account of delirium that will be of value for all doctors and nurses involved in the care of the elderly. It not only offers a state of the art update on delirium, covering its history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, causes, prevention, and management, but also presents evidence-based and practical information relevant to daily clinical routine. Owing to the complex multifactorial causes of delirium, different aspects of delirium in the elderly are discussed from a variety of perspectives. The book closes by presenting a series of case vignettes, delirium assessment tools and screening scales, and a list of those drugs highly associated with delirium. Delirium is a cognitive disorder characterized by deficits in attention, arousal, consciousness, memory, orientation, perception, speech, and language. It is a common and serious problem among older persons at every healthcare interface. Although it occurs in 10-60% of the older hospitalized population, delirium remains a relatively misunderstood and misdiagnosed condition. This book will be of interest to professionals working in geriatrics, geriatric psychiatry, general psychiatry, or neurology, internists, intensive care unit specialists, and all who care for the elderly in hospitals or the community.

Old age is associated with a number of medico-social problems such as: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, osteoarthritis, tremor, pain, gait and balance impairment, incontinence, urinary tract infection, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, pressure ulcers, sleeping problems, cardiocerebrovascular disorders, fluid and electrolyte disturbance, nutritional disorders, immunisation and disease prevention rehabilitation and care. The management of these problems differs significantly between younger and older adults. All of these problems are evaluated in this book in two parts with the contributions of experienced clinicians and researchers. In addition, cellular aging, comprehensive geriatric assessments, and medicolegal and ethical principles in geriatric medicine are also evaluated. This book will be a valuable tool for all clinicians involved in the management of elderly people.